Method of and machine for extruding metal.



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' MILL co.;"or WA ERBURY, coimnc'rrcunza CORPORATION; L

To all whom-it myconeemf' Be-itknown-I that I, DAVID Lone Summer, a citizen of theUnited States','residin'g at Waterbury, in .-the county of New-'Haven and State of Connecticut, haveiin'ventedfa new and useful Improvement in Methodsof vand Machines for-Extruding Metal; and I' dohereby declare the following, when taken in connection-with the accompanying drawings and the-letters of reference marked thereon, to. bea full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings con-.v stitute part of this specification, 'andrepresent,in"'--" t Figure 1 a view partly in plan and partly in horizontal section, and diagrammatic in' its character, of one form which an .ext 1 'usion machine constructed 1n accordance with my inventlon may assume. Fig. 2 a broken view inside elevation of the supplemental p the tools employed for shapingthe metal,

has

whatever their character, prior to the application of any pressure to the billets.

With these ends in view my inventlon consists in the method and, machine to be; hereinafter describedand pointed'out in the.

claims. I p In carrying out my inventlon'as. herein shown, I employ acylin'drical container 2.

traversed by a central cylindrical billetchamb'er 3 whichis open at both ends and of any desired cross-section, The said con tainer 2 -is also formedwith a transverse passage shaped like an hour glass, open' at both ends and intersecting the saidbilletreceiving chamber 3 midway the length thereof and at a rightangle' thereto'. This passage .fornis,'in cited, a lateral opening; through which the metal is extruded from the chamber 3, and provides twolconcentric centering chambers 4 for the reception, respectively, ofthe conical ended the reci rocating holders 5 and 6 of the die 7 and re a orf Ann "neon Inn, r oa-rzxrnunme METAL;

Speeiiieation of Letters iatenti I Application mean-ayes, 12in.

- mandrel 8, the

heavy pistons' orplungers operated-by hydraulic cylinders 9 and 10 of any approved scrip'tion,

lnlpracticing my-zimproved method, the

. construction. and requiring no detailed deholder s.5 and 6 are? advanced. until their .BEIS'SUED holders. being in effect m n aee; 12, 191f1.

conical forwardends are seated in the conichambers..4,'whereby the die 7 and mandrel 8 are accurately locatedand'solidly'held in cal outer ends'of the'respe'ctive' centeringthqtpositions which they will have during shown by broken linesfin Fig. 1,jand preferably-heated, are 'now placedas nearly simultaneously as possible, upon sliding -bi1letcarriers each consisting of a horizontal shelf 13 anda collar l tfandrespectively mounted [upon theends of the main" ormetal extruding rams 15 which are located on opposite 1 sides ofthe saidcontainer-Q and arranged in .line'witheach' other, and in line with the billet-receiving chamber 3 with which they are concentric. The billets are solid, and by the term solid I refer to-their condition which is sufiiciently'rigid to retain'their shape-while being introduced-linto the chamher-and not to the shape or form of the billet. which. if desired, may be perforated or hollow. Themain rams 15 are now simultaneouslyadvanced at the same speed toward the 'container'2. As'soon as'the ends of the shelves 13 of the billet-carriers strike the opposite faces of thecontain'er 2, the said carriers stop but the rams -'continue to' move;

the extrusion of-th'e metal which is attended 5 vbygreatpressures; "Two billets 11 and 12 forward through them, whereby'the billets I are gradually'pushed ofi' the carriers and .entered into the opposite "ends of the billetreceiving chamber 3. During this time the .two, main rams-15am operated under low pressures,- but when the billets have been .fully introduced into theopposite ends of the chamber 3-;high pressures of water are =sim'ultaneouslvv thrown on I 'the said rams,

whereby the billets are forced inward and mandrel 8 into-the die? and thence outward in the form of a concentric tube through'a nass'age'lfi in the holder 5 in which the die 7 is mounted, After the completion of the extrusion operation, the said main rams 15 are moved outward into their charging nosi 'causedto weld together and flow around the tionsin readiness for the reception ofifresh billets upon their billetcarriers and the holders-5 and 6 are moved outward nto their.

clearance-positions for the expulsion from the chamber 3 of term employed metal which does not extrude.

For the expulsionof the stump I provide, as hereinshown,

chamber 3 and projecting froma yoke 18 the arms of which are secured by pivots 19 to blocks 20 fastened to the inner face of' [the said; supplemental ram 17 is held inan --.elevated lposition 'as shown in Fig. 2, but

- sion process.

preparatory to the expulsion of the stump it is let down into a horizontal position as shown in Fig. 1 after which the left hand ram 15 is advanced by itself with. the effect of pushing the ram 17 through the chamber 3 from which itexpels every vestige of unextruded metal. The left hand ram 15 is then retired andthe supplemental ram 17 .raised preparatory to the repetition oftheextru- After the supplemental ram 17 has been lifted intoits'elevated position,

the billet-carriers are manually slid forward upon the main rams 15 into their '01 billet-receiving positions. I

In order "that the two main rams .15 may be advanced at exactly the same speed and projected 'that any tendency to depart from. synchro- 2.3. are located I employ two pairs of speed-controlling'cylinders 23, 23, and 26, 26. The cylinders 23, on opposite sides of the main cylinder 24 containing the main piston 25 carrying the cross-head 21 before mentioned, while the cylinders 26, 26, are lo- .cated on opposite sides of the main cylinder 26 containing the main piston 27 carrying a cross-head 28 supporting the right hand ram tendency on the part of cylinders 23 15. The'two cylinders 23 carry-pistons 30 mounted upon piston rods 31 the forward ends of which are connected with the opposite'ends of the crossshead 21, which thus serves tocoupletogethr the pistons 30 and the main piston 25. Similarly the speedcontrolling cylinders 26 are provided with pistons 32 mounted upon rods 33 the inner ends of which are connected with the opposite ends of the cross-head 28 which thus serves to couple togetherthepistons 32 with the main piston 27. l'n order that any the two ramslf; to

move at different speeds may he immediately corrected, the outei ends are connectet llby a pipe-Hwith the inner ends of'the cylignders26, while the inner ends of the c \-'linders 26 are connected by apipe with the outer ends of the cylinders 23. The pipes 34. and are normally kept full of water which acts as a the stump which is the. to describe the tag-end of.

.a pivotal supplemental or, stump-expelling rain 17 made as long as the will be described solid connection between the two pairs of speed-controlling cylinders and their pistons. Now as the with the main piston 25'through the crosshead 2l, and as thepistons 32 are coupled with the main piston 2'Tthrough the cross head 28, the pistons 30 and 32 must advance at the same speed as the pistons 25 and 27 which they. cannot do unless the water displaced by the inward movement tons 30 is precisely equal'to the amountof water displaced by the "inward movement of the pistons 32, all of the speed-controlling cylinders and their. pistons of.the same size... N ow if for any reason one of the-rams' 15 meets with less' resistance than the other, the tendency will beifor it to' move faster than the other. This tendency, however. will be immediately checked meeting-with less resistance cannot move forward faster than the water in the speech controlling cylinders connected with it can be transferred to'the -outer" ends of the other speed-controlling cylinders, and lflll$'CflnI10t ake place until the'other speed-controlling cylinders can beprepared to accommodate the excessof water by the forward' inovement of their pistons.

stated, in effect as a fer energy from the rapidly' to .t-he'main 'ram moving too slowly.

whereby the ram moving too rapidly 1 9- 'nism of speed may be immediately corrected,

ceives an excess of load, and is thus checked, while the other ram is accelerated in speed. In this way when'one-ram tends to gain in ram, and viceversa.

In order to keep the pipes 34 and all times filled with water, I provide automatically to flow into the said any loss by evaporavalves automatically escape of water durternal water pressure equivalent to a 'maximum water pressure above'which it is designed that the pressure ofwater in the pipes 34and-35 and the cylinders 23. 23 and 26. 26'shallndt be carricd'.v In case the pres the controlling sure in the said cy]indcrs'and-pipespasses this predetermined maximum pressure. the

wardly and afford the desired relief.

that the main rams 15 shall advance at a uniform speed, is'that it is desirahlethat the two billets in the pistons 80 are coupled of the. pisand rods being and corrected for the reason that the ram 15 In other words. the water in the pipes 34 and 35' acts; as above. solid body to trans main ram moving too speed a load is immediately putupon it which synchronizes-its speed with the other n rmallvheld closed by a predetermined evrehecle valves 37 automatically open outbillet-receiving chamthem with water-supply check valves -36. of any he reason why. it. is highly important her 3 shall be extruded at uniform-speeds so as to produce'the highest= quality of are truded stock.

under my improved -mcthod,-the forming .tool's, whatever their character 'may be, are

accurately andysolidly' positioned with respect to the container prior to ,thQlIltIO:

duct'ion of the billets and before-the pres sures are applied thereto, and this without piercing the billets after their introduction the ends of the billets to inward pressure for the extrusion of thegmetal through metalshaping {tools located in the'side walls of; the,

into thecontainer or casting them hollow as has heretofore been done.

Thus far I have referred. only to theextrusion of metahbut my-"improvedmachine might also beused for the extrusion of other material, such as glass, some clays, such as fibrous asph altic clay, compositions, etc.

I- cla-im;:-- i 4 1. A method of'extruding metal, QOI1S1Sting in introducing billets into the open-ends of a billet-receiving. chamber" formed ina' container, then simultaneously subjecting container in a line at aright angle to the longitudinal axis of the "said billet'sreceiving chamber, then expelling the'u'nextruded metal from the said chamber, and then introducing new billets thereinto."

2. A methodof extruding metal consist-7 ing in introducing a plurality of billets together into a billet-receiving chamber formed in the contalner, then subjecting the ends of the billets to inward pressure and extruding thestock through an opening in the side oat-the container.

3. A method of extruding-metal, consisting in introducing a plurality of billets into a billet-receiving .chamber in a container, 7

then simultaneously subjecting the billets to inward pressure for the welding of the bil-' lets, and extruding the stockthrough an opening in theside of the container. 7

4. A method-of extruding metal, consisting in introducingbillets .into the open ends of a billet-receiving chamber in a container, then simultaneously subjecting the ends of the billets to inward pressure, and extruds ing the metal through an opening in the side of the container, the speed at which the bil ts are moved toward each other during the extrusion operation being hydraulically.

controlled.

5. A method of extruding metal consist-' -i-ng in positioning metal-shaping toolsin a billet-receiving chamber, then introducing a plurality of billets together into the open ends of'said chamber, thensubjecting the ends of the billets to inward pressure for forcing them upon the said previously positioned tools, and extruding the metal through an opening in the side ofsaid chamber.

6. A method of extruding metal, consiststu np-expelling ram for expelling the'un'- chamber.

ing in positioning metal-shaping tools-in a billet-receiving chamber in a container,then introducing billets: into the opposite ends of I particularly wishtov point out that the combination witha' container, of'a metal-' extruding ram, and a supplemental ram for. expelling the unextruded metal from the container. l

8. In a machine for extruding in etal,

combination with a'container, of a metalextruding ram, and a piveta'lly mounted are being introduced into the. container.

9. Z'In a machine for extruding metal, the

combination with acontamer having a bil-v let-receiving chamber, of a: metal extruding ram,. and a stump-expelling ram" operated by the said metal-extruding rain and correspondingin length to the length ofthe said chamber. i 10. In a machinefor extruding metal, the

combination, with a container having. a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends and having a-lateral opening through which the metal is extruded, of two metal-extruding rams arranged 'in line with the opposite ends of the said chamber, means for operat- 111g the said. rams, and a stump-expelling ram connected with one of the metal extruding' rams for operation thereby and equal-in length to the length of the said 11. In amachine for extruding metal, the combination with a metal extruding ram,-,of a container, a billet carrier mounted there upon for supporting the billets while they are being introduced into the container.

. v 12. In a machine for extruding metal, the

combination with a container, of a metalextrud ng ram, and a sliding billet-carrier consistmg of a shelf located beneath the -ram,'-'and a sleeve encircling the ram. and

sliding thereupon.

13. In a machine for extruding metal, the combination with acontainer having a billet-receiving chamber, of'two metal-extruding rams arranged to enter the opposite ends of the said chamber which has a lateral opening through which the metal is extruded, and hydraulicspeedscontrolling cylinders connected with the said rams and with each other for synchronizing the speed at which the rams advance into the said chamber. v

14. In a machine for extruding metal, the combinatiouwith a container having a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends, of

two metal-extruding rams arranged-to enter the opposite ends of the said chamber, two main cylinders, pi'stons therefor, a pair of speed-controlling cylinders for each of the said main cylinders, and pipes connecting the inner ends of one pair of speed-controlling cylinders with the outer vice versa, for controlling the-speed at which the said rams are advanced. into the said chamber.

15. In a machine for extruding metal, the

combinationwith a container having a billet-receiving chamber open at both ends, of

rams arranged to enter the opposite ends of the said chamber,

a main cylinder and a piston for each ram, a cross-headcarried by speed-controlling cylinders with a 16, In a'machine for extruding metal, the combination with a container having a bilat both ends, of

let-receiving chamber open Copies 01' this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by

ends of the other pair of speed-controlling cylinders andcombination with a container having a bil v letereceiving chamber open at'both ends, of

rams arranged to enter the opposite ends of the said chamber, a pair of'speed-controlling cylinders having their piston-rods projecting through their outer ends for the equalization of volumes on the opposite sides of their pistons,'pipes connecting the outer ends ofone pair of cylinders with the inner ends of the other pair of cylinders, and vice versa, and supply and relief valves located inthe said pipes. In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in 'the presence of two subscribing witnesses. I

DAVID LONG SUMMEY. Witnesses:

FRANK B. NOBLE,

F. S. CHAsE.

Washington, D. C.

addressing the Commissioner of Patents. 

